Token Economy Teachers Use of Positive Reinforcement in...

A token economy is an intensive, in-class positive reinforcement program for building up and maintaining appropriate classroom performance and behavior. A token program may be needed when other positive reinforcement programs, such as selective use of teacher attention or a home-based reinforcement program. In many different education settings a material reward program can be conveniently managed through a token reinforcement program. Token programs involve the distribution of physical tokens (for example, poker chips, stickers, stars, smiley faces, etc.) or points following appropriate behavior. The tokens or points can be accumulated throughout the day and exchanged for designated rewards at a specified time. A predetermined goal is†¦show more content†¦On the basis of previous research recorded, the authors hypothesized that the classroom would be linked directly to the achievement goals that students set. They predicted that the token economy classroom structure would be related positively to student performance-goal orientation. The contingency contract classroom structure would be related positively to student learning-goal orientation and the control classroom structure would be unrelated to student goal orientation (Brown, 4). The authors assessed differences in all of the students goal orientation by comparing the number of learning versus performance goals that students set within classroom conditions. In the token economy classroom students were given a contract in which they had to explain explicitly how token could be earned, how they were distributed, and how they could be exchanged. They also received a chart in which they could write down their token economy goals and their educational goals (Brown, 5). Tokens used in this classroom were in the form of play dollars and back up reinforcers, such as candy, pens, or computer time cards. Students in the contingency contract had to be involved in a process of meeting with the resear cher to set mathematical goals for themselves. In this classroom a gold star sticker would be placed on their goal chart when a goal of theirs was met. In the controlled classroom, students were given aShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Behavior Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at school By : Sarah Alharbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). 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