Operation Overlord D Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Activity Overlord D Day - Essay Example alysed the Allied military making arrangements for Operation Overlord are honored with the endowment of knowing the past, they realize that Operation Overlord was a triumph that added to inevitable Allied triumph. The Second World War was after all the contention wherein Air power went to the front, military and maritime tasks propelled when air predominance was held were undeniably bound to prevail than activities did while a foe power held air prevalence. At the point when a joined military, maritime and air activity was as enormous and as broad as Operation Overlord, its organizers needed to consider any likely dangers to its prosperity and the Air danger could be viewed as one of the most critical single deterrent to progress. It could be contended that Allied over - estimations of the Air danger presented by the Luftwaffe had a genuine impact on the Operation Overlord arranging. The Allies accepted that the Luftwaffe stayed an impressive adversary and thusly a genuine and powerful Air danger to the effective execution of the designs for Operation Overlord. The Luftwaffe in numerical terms despite everything had a large number of operational airplane, regardless of whether before Operation Overlord was propelled, most of those airplanes were utilized upon the Eastern Front and in guarding the Third Reich from the Allied key shelling campaign.1 For the Allied military organizers entrusted with making Operation Overlord a fruitful reality it merited guaranteeing that the Allied Air Forces had enough operational airplane accessible to set up air prevalence over the anticipated landing zones over maintain a strategic distance from a deplorable shock of Operation Overlord. In spite of the fact that the warships that were entrusted with ensuring the troop boats would convey a huge supplement of hostile to airplane weapons they would have thought that it was extremely hard to beat German air strikes against the attack armada without their own airplane giving spread. Other than the arrival create that were expected to ship the Allied soldiers to the sea shores were the pieces of

Newspaper and Internet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Paper and Internet - Case Study Example The principal paper was distributed in Beijing in 748 (newspaperâ€industry.org, n.d.). The paper announced further that the principal every day paper flowed in 1702 in London and was known as The Daily Courant. It was additionally uncovered that in 1754, the principal business paper The Daily Advertiser was distributed in London. In the U.S. earlyamerica.com, (n.d.) uncovered that their first every day paper Boston News-Letter came unavailable for general use in April 1704. Since its origin, the paper is carefully for news and it was uniquely in 1856 that business notices were found as a beneficial undertaking by paper New York Ledger (Bellis, 2008). The development of the radio in 1920 and TV in 1939 didn't influence the fame of the paper as the wellspring of news and a viable promotions arrangement elective. Williamson (n.d. 23rd standard.) uncovered that â€Å"Most all the significant stores are starting again from scratch and seeing the print publicizing as the best profit fo r investment†. In 1973, the web was found by Vinton Cerf (ideafinder.com, 2007). The web is likewise a supplier of news and thoughts much like the paper. Pundits infer that the web will cause the moderate passing of the paper and the individuals financially subject to it. The end depends on the way that the web gives what the paper can to free. Based from this, one need not spend a dime to purchase a paper only for the news and promotions on the grounds that there is the web, giving them what they need complimentary. This paper 2 means to record and break down the quality and shortcoming of the paper contrasted with web and think of procedures so as to get by with regards to client care activity and greatness. Business Management specialists concur that the conspicuous initial phase so as to come up with methodologies for endurance of a business undertaking is decide the created impression of the clients about the business. The general truth proposes this is of prime significance for the explanation that discernments ought to be all around tended to in the plan of methodologies and activity plans. Consumes (2000), a college educator and a site proprietor said that if there should be an occurrence of a day by day voyager, paper is as yet the decision over the web for the basic explanation that he has to download and print the crossword puzzle so as to work at it while on an open vehicle going to office. He proceeded by saying Admirably, presently you need to print it out, or download it onto a PC for the excursion. You're back to pulling things around once more. (24th standard.). A blogger by the nom de plume Lockergnome (2005) detailed that what he for the most part read from the papers today are the news he read from the web webpage yesterday. The blogger proceeded by saying that if all perusers will at last understand this, clearly they won't accepting paper any longer, burn through their time perusing since what they are perusing is now history. At long last, the recognition being appeared here is with paper, the happenings are not continuously dissimilar to with web. Another blogger by the name of Farsha (2007) feels that web isn't successful as paper in zones where access to the World Wide Web is restricted. Farsha further said that if proceeds with nearness in the brain of the client is required

State and Local Government Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

State and Local Government Corruption - Essay Example A key center included disturbing models where sorted out wrongdoing has benefited from the nearness of metropolitan debasement. What comprises defilement varies relying upon the nation or purview. Certain political subsidizing rehearses that are legitimate in one spot might be unlawful in another (Political Corruption 2005). In certain nations, police and examiners have wide tact over whom to capture and charge and the line among prudence and defilement can be hard to draw, as in racial profiling. In nations with solid intrigue bunch legislative issues, rehearses that could without much of a stretch establish defilement somewhere else are some of the time blessed as authentic gathering inclinations (Political Corruption 2005). Defilement is difficult to limit since it includes privacy and time after time experiences open acknowledgment. Examinations have gotten hard and multifaceted. Agents must vanquish obsolete perspectives amidst numerous honest open authorities and private residents that whistle blowing is pointless or even perilous (Local Government 1992, pg. 7). ... 8). Notwithstanding, State enactment is nothing but bad if government authorities by and by don't bolster it.Corruption is especially boundless in the nearby government development ventures. Just as of late, a significant designing firm that has given $3 million in battle commitments in the course of recent years and New Jersey has concluded it will no longer give to lawmakers (Jackson 2005). The on-line database of the Election Law Enforcement Commission(ELEC) records 1,205 commitments from the firm and its workers, worth almost $3 million, since 1981 (Jackson 2005). The genuine all out is bigger, in light of the fact that ELEC's database does exclude commitments to metropolitan applicants and advisory groups or commitments to government competitors, who have additionally profited by Schoor DePalma's liberality (Jackson 2005). A pursuit of the FEC's Web website, which tracks government battle commitments, turned up at any rate $150,000 in the previous five years from the organizatio n (Jackson 2005). Schoor DePalma's commitments topped in 2003, when the polling form remembered contender for every one of the 120 seats for the New Jersey Legislature (Jackson 2005). Defilement, for example, this ought to be censured. Such defilement disintegrates the institutional limit of government as techniques are overlooked, assets are redirected, and open workplaces are purchased and sold. Simultaneously, debasement sabotages the authenticity of government and such equitable qualities as trust and resistance (Political Corruption 2005). Defilement likewise brings down satisfaction with development, ecological, or different guidelines, diminishes the nature of taxpayer driven organizations and framework, and increments budgetary weights on

Puma for Dongguan Surpassing Co.Ltd - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about thePuma for Dongguan Surpassing Co.Ltd. Answer: Presentation; explanation of the issue and targets Panther is a German-based worldwide organization managing athletic wear and easygoing footwear. Panther was established in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler (Palepu et al., 2007). Over the most recent thirty years, the creation of sports shoes has encountered enormous changes in numerous angles in America and Europe. One of the significant viewpoints was the expansion in the creation cost (Passerini, 2014). Consequently, numerous organizations should discover approaches to decrease the creation cost. In such manner, organizations moved their manufacturing plants to different nations in Asia, for example, China where both modest work and modest crude materials are accessible. Jaguar, in its intelligence, started to subcontract little organizations, for example, Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd. An examination which was directed by China Labor Watch (CLW) uncovered a staggering report on PUMAs lead at Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd. The organization utilizes 6,000 specialists on a typical season work period and ten thousand laborers during a high season. This report came after PUMA was found to have similar issues at its other provider in Taiway Sports, Inc. It was frustrating to take note of that PUMA took restorative measures at Taiway Sports, Inc. what's more, overlooked its different providers. A portion of the dangerous discoveries at Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd included extreme extra time where laborers had to work more than twelve hours the entire days of the week, poor compensation of sixty-four pennies for each hour, unreasonable fines for refusal to stay at work longer than required, poor quarters condition, unhygienic food, and poor removal instruments where paste and paint are discharged into the sewer. This issue is an impression of the entire essence of PUMAs providers general condition. It is significant that PUMA concentrates its need on moral functionalities. The targets of this paper are to: Set up explanations behind pulverizing moral direct at PUMA. Give ways where work and day to day environments of laborers can be improved. Decide the lawful working hours in China according to global guidelines. Give ways that PUMA can take part in corporate social duty to recover its picture. Build up an adequate program that can have the option to help in adjusting laborers plan. Writing audit According to (D'heur, 2015), in the cultural perspective, the subject of significant worth creation has been a subject of conversation at whatever point an organization is confronted with an embarrassment, for example, poor working conditions. It is incredibly interesting that the response of an organization in, for example, embarrassment is the quick expressions of the companys side of behaviors. This is without taking care of the fundamental issues. Despite most organizations enthusiasm for maintainability, there are generally delayed to follow up on issues guaranteeing that most issues are past their corporate control. In his offer to have duty across flexibly chain PUMAs CEO Jochen Zeitz, presented that idea of item, condition, gracefully chain, and the general public (Jain, 2004). This is the place the organization accepts the accountability for the assortment of crude materials up to when the products arrive at the buyer. As of late, the games product organization PUMA has created maintainability stage named as PUMA vision. This is in the view that the organization will improve at generally speaking operational procedures both remotely and inside by considering the social, financial and ecological conditions. As indicated by (Willard and Hitchcock, 2015), as much as such maintainability measures have cost PUMA to delve somewhere down in into their records, its client base has expanded quickly. Panther made a goals, that in the coming years, half of its global assortment will be created mirroring the worldwide maintainability norms. This infers a large portion of PUMAs item will be delivered utilizing maintainable materials, for example, reused polyesters and furthermore in guaranteeing that its providers utilize supportable items too (OECD, 2001). This dedication was to a great extent invited since it will put more organizations compelled to do likewise. Kuhn, (2011) puts it clear that, before the appearance of sports shoes organizations show up in Asian nations, for example, China, the shoe business was state-possessed organizations which delivered for the nearby market. After China opened up its market in 1984, there was an inundation of shoemaking industry in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Consequently, China is right now the world biggest shoe maker, in this way shoe making worldwide organizations look for association in China for subcontracting (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2005). The way that there are numerous multinationals in China for shoemaking, poor conditions for work are up and coming in light of the fact that, multinationals, for example, PUMA, direct the compensation rates and work conditions which are acknowledged or a subcontractor lose an agreement. Strategy Practically all industrial facilities in China are situated in southern China, where most specialists are from the rustic regions who come to urban zones to search for cash. This infers most specialists are made out of youngsters and ladies matured seventeen to thirty years. These individuals have a low degree of training thus are uninformed of their privileges as laborers. The paper will put meets as one of the techniques for gathering information to get right data. Additionally, the way that the degree of training of the laborers who will be the primary respondents is low, one on one connection will be significant. The meeting will be led among June and July when working low season to discover more respondents. Inquiries to be posed in the meeting will incorporate, the working hours, wellbeing and medical problems and their insight into worker's organizations. To get the substance of the main problems as called attention to by China Labor Watch (CLW), perception will be utilized. One of the territories to be watched will be the quarters to build up the day to day environments. Likewise, the food at the bottle will likewise be seen so as to set up the cleanliness of the food. Since the component of doubt must be available, polls will be utilized, with help. This is on the grounds that as much as their employments are hard, they would prefer not to lose them. Similar inquiries posed on meetings will be applied in the survey in order to gather more information. End As per PUMAs basic beliefs, laborers should be treated with respect and worth. Nonetheless, this isn't reflected with the Chinese specialists. Being such a major worldwide organization, PUMA ought to guarantee that it makes important that privileges of laborers are regarded. Shoe organizations ought to acknowledge their social obligation and guarantee that the economic wellbeing and the ecological moral principles are maintained. Also, the work experts in China ought to be liable for the government assistance of Chinese specialists. Course of events Thing Movement Week 1 Idea paper composing Week 2 Proposition composing Week 3 Information assortment Week 4 First draft of the paper Week 5 Last draft of the paper Week 6 accommodation References Beal, B. (2013).Corporate Social Responsibility: Definition, Core Issues, and Recent Developments. SAGE Publications, p.2. Chinalaborwatch.org. (2017).Pumas Failure in CSR: Suppliers Critical Conditions. [online] Available at: https://www.chinalaborwatch.org/report/21 [Accessed 7 Oct. 2017]. D'heur, M. (2015).Sustainable Value Chain Management: Delivering Sustainability Through the Core Business. Springer, p.95. Jain, R. (2004). Defilement free Sustainable Development: Challenges and Strategies for Good Governance. Mittal Publications, p.257. Kuhn, R. (2011).How China's Leaders Think: The Inside Story of China's Past, Current and Future Leaders. John Wiley Sons. Palepu, K., Bernard, V., Healy, P. what's more, Peek, E. (2007).Business Analysis and Valuation: Text and Cases. Cengage Learning EMEA, p.318. Passerini, K. (2014).Information innovation for private company. [Place of distribution not identified]: Springer, p.98. Supportable Development Critical Issues: Critical Issues. (2001). OECD Publishing, p.120. TNCs and the evacuation of materials and garments portions. (2005). New York: United Nations, p.11. Willard, M. what's more, Hitchcock, D. (2015).The Business Guide to Sustainability: Practical Strategies and Tools for Organizations. Routledge, p.236.a

Literature Adaptations Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing Adaptations - Movie Review Example From that point forward, this story is ceaselessly being advised to youngsters and society has seen numerous adjustments including Jordan and Carter's questionable The Company f Wolves. Be it introduced as writing, oral narrating, or cinematography these sources share one topic for all intents and purpose: they tell a wake up call f the admonitions f entering youth. In contrasting the verifiable, sexual, and moral perspectives f Perrault's Little Red Riding Hood, France's The False Grandmother, and Jordan's The Company f Wolves, perusers are left valuing the various methods utilized in conveying the alerts f entering pre-adulthood. (Bordwell 1-4) Oral stories are very not the same as those f regular writing. In France's oral rendition there is brief period spent on concentrating on detail in wording f a prologue to the story and setting. Rather, this oral form rapidly hops to the young lady's experience with the wolf. This happens all inside the primary sentence: Sometime in the distant past a young lady was strolling through the forested areas with a bin f treats for her grandma, when she met a wolf. Since these accounts were told orally, there is doubtlessly no requirement for a critical sum f detail essentially on the grounds that this was not the center f the exhibition. Also, these sorts f stories are not perused however observed and heard by the crowd. What is fundamentally unique about an oral story is that there is an overwhelming dependence on the narrator to convey an enrapturing execution, implying that the activity f the story is uplifted by packing the arrangement f occasions in a set sum f time. Accordingly, bri ef period is spent concentrating on components, for example, a verifiable setting. Perusers are made mindful f the setting in Perrault's artistic form f Little Red Riding Hood when he states: Sometime in the distant past there lived in a specific town a little nation young lady, the prettiest animal who was ever observed. He further uncovers data about the environmental factors f the story as the young lady is conveyed to give her grandma food: Minimal Red Riding Hood set out promptly to go to her grandma, who lived in another town... As she was experiencing the wood, she met a wolf... There is little to be addressed on the grounds that f the sum f detail utilized by Perrault. In stories that are composed or distributed, there is a need to have a specific sum f detail so perusers are not left scrutinizing the story. Composed stories require more detail than oral stories. Perrault has included enough data about the area f the story with the goal that perusers would not be left confounded about specific parts f the plot. (Naremore 5-6) Film is likewise another methods by which folktales can be introduced. The way where this is introduced is far unique in relation to perusing folktale writing or viewing the story be performed with sounds and developments by a narrator. In The Company f Wolves Jordan and Carter consolidate a critical sum f detail in a short sum f time: close shot f the window watching out onto the fantasy nightscape; camera tracks in past the window outline EXT. Backwoods - DAY break up from nightscape to sunlight woodland scene, harvest time hues. Camera tracks in and container option to reveal an inaccessible church tower. Viewers f this film are better ready to get a handle on the setting since they are outwardly shipped to a setting where they can make clear suspicions about the environmental factors. There is a noteworthy amo

Quick Notes About the First Year Application - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Quick Notes About the First Year Application - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Quick Notes About the First Year Application With the 2014 First Year application opening this past Tuesday, we are receiving many questions from students who have started applying. Here are a few things to keep in mind. When self-reporting your grades on the application, you should report grades as they are listed on your official high school transcript. Remember we are only asking for grades from your high school years. Do not include middle school grades in your application even if they are listed on your transcript. Have a copy of your transcript in front of you when completing the application to help ensure that you dont have errors. But if you realize later that you made errors in reporting grades, dont worry. We require an official high school transcript because we are going to double check your self-reported GPA. Did you forget to include leadership activities, awards and honors, or other resume material? Dont worry. You can email additional information to our processing team at admproc@uga.edu . This wont be reflected on your myStatus, but we will add your email to your file documents. Please know that any changes we make in our system will not change the PDF copy of your application as the PDF is a fixed snapshot of your application when you first submitted it. The University System of Georgia requires that high school students complete 4 units of science by graduation, including 2 units with a laboratory component. This is rarely an issue for our in-state applicants. We are able to be flexible with out-of-state applicants and use your 8th grade science as long as it was a physical science. To learn more about the University System requirements, view their Staying on Course requirements and FAQ. Once you choose Early Action or Regular Decision and submit your application, you are NOT able to change decision plans. Take your time and make sure you choose the decision plan under which you would like to be considered. However, if you want to change from EA to RD consideration, the work-around is to NOT complete your file for now. EA applicants missing any required documents and test scores will automatically be deferred to the RD timeline after EA decisions are released, hopefully in early December. Incomplete EA students will see deferred on their myStatus. At that point you can send all documents, first semester grades, a teacher recommendation, additional SAT/ACT scores, and Part II of the application with the four short essays. The Part II essays must arrive online by January 15; deadline for arrival of all other documents and scores is January 22. The biggest drawback to this work-around is that you will have to ignore a few emails reminding you that your file is, indeed, incomplete. We hope this helps you while youre getting ready to complete the application. Go Dawgs!

529 Double Duty College Plus Grad School

To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009 To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009 529 Double Duty College Plus Grad School To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009 To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009 529 Double Duty College Plus Grad School To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009 To give your child an edge, graduate school may be called for, but that can more than double your higher education costs. This is where a carefully funded Section 529 Plan comes in. While all but the very wealthy won't be able write a check for college and graduate school, you can use 529-plan money strategically to pay for some of both so that your child won't be overloaded with debt come graduation day. For many students it's largely uncertain they will actually attend graduate school. One day the student will say it's a near certainty but a few months later, they're talking about backpacking through Europe. This leaves you trying to plan for something that may not happen. Here are five steps you can take to assess the likelihood your student will attend graduate school with some ideas on how to decide the best way to allocate your 529 savings between college and the next level. Step 1: Examine the graduate-school plan. First, assess how serious your student is about graduate school. If it's been mentioned more than a couple of times, it's time to discuss the student's intentions and plans. Here are several important questions to ask: What do you plan to do with that degree? How do you think that degree will help you get the job you want? Where do you plan to apply? What will you do if you don't get in? How much will the degree cost? How do you plan to pay for it? If your child is just making conversation, you can encourage some serious thought and some research on their part before you discuss the issue again. Step 2: Look at funding resources. If you establish that your child is serious about graduate school and you are willing to provide some financial support, you should look at your financial resources and theirs and come up with a tentative funding plan. Look at the anticipated costs and expenses and compare that with what you've saved. If you're like most parents, you'll have a shortfall. If so, first examine whether you or your child have other resources to bridge that gap, such as current earnings, scholarships or grants, low-cost loans or work-study jobs. You could decide to dedicate the funds you've saved before your child starts college for the undergraduate education and target anything else you can save between college and graduate school for continuing education. Many parents keep contributing to a 529 plan while their child is in college to reap tax benefits and to continue the discipline of saving for later college years or graduate school. Alternatively, you could decide that a certain portion -- say 75 percent of what you've saved in the 529 plan -- is earmarked for college and the remaining portion for graduate school. Salvatore Cocco, Jr., CLU, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Woodbridge, N.J., advises parents to be careful of committing too much money to future graduate school tuition, because your child could change his or her mind. "When you're funding college, for most families, there is a 90 [percent] to 100 percent chance the kids will go to college and that money will get spent," he says. "With grad school -- even law school or medical school -- it's a 50-50 shot at best." On the other hand, it's hard to overfund college, so even if you put extra money into a 529 in anticipation of graduate school and it doesn't happen, there's nothing lost. College is so expensive and 529-plan spending rules are so flexible, says Cocco, you're likely to be allowed to use the funds to pay for anything from tuition, room, board, books, travel expenses to and from college, fees and study abroad. Step 3: Consider your other obligations. Even with graduate school in the picture for one of your kids, you should keep in mind your overall financial obligations to your retirement fund and your family emergency fund as well as helping pay for a higher education for all your children. One strategy Scott Hall, a financial adviser with Market Street Advisors in Wilmington, N.C., uses is to direct more 529 savings to the oldest child's account. "For a family with two kids what we'll have them do is put a higher percentage of the money into the older kid's account, in case they do want to go to grad school," he says. "That way, they have more money there to use. If that child doesn't go to grad school, you can take that money and combine it into the younger child's 529." Step 4. Figuring out the timing. The timing of this issue is an important consideration. It's far easier to plan for graduate school when it's clear your child will be continuing his or her education years in advance rather than waiting until a decision during the senior year of college. "If students are certain they are going to grad school, I advise clients to defer 529 distributions as long as possible," says Robert Standish, vice president of financial planning at BPU Investment Management in Pittsburgh, Pa. Doing that, he says, allows those funds to grow for a longer period of time, leveraging your investment and ultimately providing more funds for graduate school. When you know a year or two before your child starts college -- or even earlier in high school -- that graduate school is a definite possibility, you have more flexibility to plan for it. Depending on the career path your child is looking at, you'll have anywhere from six to 10 years between when you start saving until when you need to spend all the money in the account. This is because your child will have to get through four years of college and a number of years of graduate school -- two in the case of an MBA, three in the case of law school and four in the case of medical school. You can increase your 529 plan contributions, continue contributing while your child is in college and fiddle with your investment mix in an effort to produce higher returns than the 1 to 2 percent that a money market plan provides. If, on the other hand, your budding doctor or lawyer waits until the freshman or sophomore year to decide to attend post-graduate school, you have less time, but more than if the decision is a last-minute one (read "I can't find a job, so I'm going to grad school). You can still put money into a 529 plan knowing you have anywhere from four to seven years to grow that money before you have to spend it all. Even $50 to $100 a month can make an impact. "A lot of our clients contribute in the $50 to $200 range a month and even over just a few years, it can make a difference," says Hall. By saving $100 for five years at an interest rate of 3 percent, you could accumulate $6,522.75. And let's face it: graduate school is so expensive that even if you are only able to pay for your child's books, that is less money that he or she will have to borrow or scrounge up through an outside job or fellowship. Textbooks themselves can easily run more than $1,000 a year, even if you buy used textbooks. Even if this is a last-minute decision, not all is lost. Most graduate school programs run two years or more, so you could save some money the first year or so to spend on the last year or two, or three. Or, you could contribute money to the 529 plan that you plan to spend immediately on grad school tuition, room, fees or board and take it out 10 days later to make use of any tax deduction offered by your state. Step 5: Seeking funding help. As with college, the advertised price for graduate school is frequently less than most students pay. In their search for talented and committed students, most graduate schools are prepared to help financially with assistantships, loans, grants and scholarships. In addition, many employers will help with graduate school costs. "My son got interested in fundraising when he was in college at Penn State and was in charge of a large charity to help kids with cancer," says Cocco. "He ended up getting a job at Columbia University in alumni and donor relations and started in the Masters of Science program there in donor and charitable organizational relations. He's going there for nothing because of his job." Hall, who is attending the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's International MBA program, notes that his program helps with housing in the overseas portion of the MBA program. Still, his costs are running about $15,000 for the one-year program, which is on the inexpensive side for a master's in business administration. Posted July 10, 2009

Token Economy Teachers Use of Positive Reinforcement in...

A token economy is an intensive, in-class positive reinforcement program for building up and maintaining appropriate classroom performance and behavior. A token program may be needed when other positive reinforcement programs, such as selective use of teacher attention or a home-based reinforcement program. In many different education settings a material reward program can be conveniently managed through a token reinforcement program. Token programs involve the distribution of physical tokens (for example, poker chips, stickers, stars, smiley faces, etc.) or points following appropriate behavior. The tokens or points can be accumulated throughout the day and exchanged for designated rewards at a specified time. A predetermined goal is†¦show more content†¦On the basis of previous research recorded, the authors hypothesized that the classroom would be linked directly to the achievement goals that students set. They predicted that the token economy classroom structure would be related positively to student performance-goal orientation. The contingency contract classroom structure would be related positively to student learning-goal orientation and the control classroom structure would be unrelated to student goal orientation (Brown, 4). The authors assessed differences in all of the students goal orientation by comparing the number of learning versus performance goals that students set within classroom conditions. In the token economy classroom students were given a contract in which they had to explain explicitly how token could be earned, how they were distributed, and how they could be exchanged. They also received a chart in which they could write down their token economy goals and their educational goals (Brown, 5). Tokens used in this classroom were in the form of play dollars and back up reinforcers, such as candy, pens, or computer time cards. Students in the contingency contract had to be involved in a process of meeting with the resear cher to set mathematical goals for themselves. In this classroom a gold star sticker would be placed on their goal chart when a goal of theirs was met. In the controlled classroom, students were given aShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Behavior Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at school By : Sarah Alharbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). There is no doubt that ADHD children exacts an enormous burden on society in terms of financial cost, stressRead More Behavior Modification Methods in School Essay2634 Words   |  11 Pagesmany forms of positive reinforcement contingencies that can be presented in the classroom. These may include social rewards, like acceptance and encouragement from peers, tangible rewards, like the token economy, or internally motivating rewards, like having a sense of self-efficacy and feeling confident and proud of a particular accomplishment. The studies included here investigate cooperative learning strategies and how behavioral methods relate to academic performance that way, the use of rewardsRead MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Act949 Words   |  4 Pagesvisual aids. This aided learners to matine focsu and process infrmation more easily. The use of technology was an essental tool in this envronment. iPads and Kindles are used to exercise basic math and reading skills. These student s also attend general education classes with indivdual supprt from teacher assistants. These students worked on a wide variety of adaptive skills such as self-care, social skills, school, and jobs daily with multiple community based instruction activities throughout the weekRead MoreClassic Behavioristic Principles of Psychology Developed by B.F. Skinner1372 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific discoveries was â€Å"single reinforcement† which became sufficient for â€Å"operant conditioning, the role of extinction in the discovery of intermittent schedules, the development of the method of shaping by successive approximation, and Skinners break with and rejection of stimulus-response psychology† (Iversen, 1992, p. 1318). According to Skinner’s theories, â€Å"Reinforcement does not strengthen the response instance that produces the reinforcer.† Rather, reinforcement can increase the likelihood thatRead MoreThe Strategies For Successful Motivation And Engagement2367 Words   |  10 Pagesstate exams were going to test them. The students sigh and yawn, knowing that they would rather be doing anything but math. Disengaged and bored students can be seen in many classes but how the teacher reacts to those students is crucial. Teachers use different strategies to try and discover what works for their students as a whole, because they understand that alert and active minds are important for absorbing the information. Having engaged students is detrimental for their academic success, soRead MoreClassroom Management Pl Philosophy And Theory2544 Words   |  11 Pagesclassroom management plan secures that the teacher controls the class. It also helps in addressing the issue of burnout, which af fects many teachers (McDonald, 2013). The aim of this paper is to describe the philosophy and theory that the author would use to ensure that the classroom is well managed. a) The nature/needs of Young People Young people are usually restive and very active with a lot of curiosity to learn new things. They are not able to sit at the same place doing the same thing for a longRead MoreTeacher Classroom Preparation and Setup for a First Grade Group1923 Words   |  8 Pagesand cognitive nature as well. I have envisioned my own classroom with 20 first grade children. The layout of the classroom I have provided is what I feel would be the way I would have the class set up for the beginning of a fall semester. As the school year progresses I will have changes and additions to the classroom as needs to be accommodated. I am also a believer to keeps students busy and engaged. This includes changing the seating arrangements every two or three weeks, this keeps the studentsRead MoreChildren With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1882 Words   |  8 Pagesneurological condition that involves problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsitivity that are developmentally i nconsistent with the age of the child. (U.S. Department of Education et al 1) Unfortunately, children with ADHD experience difficulty in school and struggle to build friendships because of inadequate social skills. Children with ADHD who are the Inattention type are likely to struggle listening, easily lose focus and have difficulty staying organized. This type of characteristics, childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Praise And Disruptive Behavior Essay1918 Words   |  8 Pagestime. The three studies I have chosen to look at that use praise to decrease unwanted behaviors are a classroom teacher consultation model for increasing praise and decreasing disruptive behavior, positive attending to improve student behavior, and direct behavioral consultation. My first article looks at a classroom checkup that addresses the need for classroom-level support while minimizing treatment integrity problems which are common to school-based consultation (Reinke, Lewis-Palmer, MerrellRead MoreA Case Study for Adhd Students4596 Words   |  19 PagesDawn, 1997): * Consult the experts: parents, previous teachers, specialists, guidance counselors, and psychologist. * Have a sense of humor! * Promote high self-esteem: be friendly, respect opinions, provide immediate feedback, and give reinforcement for any improvement. * Establish control: be consistent, follow definite rules, discipline offenses immediately, offer explanations for what rule was violated and be willing to listen to their side of the story. * Maximize academic improvement:

Socrates A Man Facing An Unjust Execution - 2248 Words

A man facing an unjust execution is presented with another option: escape from prison and flee to another providence. Most men would eagerly take this chance to prolong their lives and continue their journey on earth. Most men would do anything to get revenge for the wrong that has been done to them. However, most men are not like Socrates. Socrates did not plead his case by eliciting pity from the jury for an old man and his poor family. He did not beg for a different sentence that would allow him to live. Instead, he let the jury come to its own conclusion while acting with virtue and integrity. He held fast to his principles by remaining in prison to face his execution because that is how a good and just person would behave. Socrates’ decision not to escape in Crito is consistent with his principle that the good and just person never does harm to a large extent because accepting his verdict allows him to reinforce the sanctity of law and to set a prime example for his peers . Although the jury may be harming themselves by executing an innocent man, Socrates is causing less harm by accepting this fate because escaping would cause more damage by tarnishing the voice of the court and demonstrating a lack of integrity. In order to get Crito to understand this, Socrates says: â€Å"we ought not to repay injustice with injustice or to do harm to any man no matter what we may have suffered from him† (Plato 42). Clearly Socrates believes that revenge is not an act of a good or justShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Crito By Plato846 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"Crito† by Plato, Socrates faces a difficult dilemma. Socrates has been wrongfully charged of impiety and corrupting the children and is approached with an offer from his close friend Crito who says he will help Socrates escape and give him a nice place to live away from Athens where he can flee from a wrongful execution. Socrates should stay in prison and face his execution in order to prove he is innocent. Socrates wants to do no wrong at all and comes to the conclusion that escaping wouldRead MoreSocrates Vs Niccolo Machiavelli Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates and Niccolo Machiavelli are revered as some of the most influential thinkers of their respective times. Both of these thinkers developed their thoughts while Athens and Florence, their respective cities, faced political unrest. By questioning the people of Athens through their period of turmoil following a shift in government, Socrates was able to formulate opinions regarding how a government should operate and how people should rule. Centuries later during the Renaissance era, Machiavelli’sRead MoreSocrates And Boethius : Two Men That Have Left An Everlasting Footprint Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesSocrates and Boethius – two men that have left an everlasting footprint in the world of philosophy. They seem to be simi lar in their experiences of injustice, but we learn how very different their outlooks are while they are facing imprisonment and execution. Little did they know, their experiences would forever change how philosophy would be conceived in the years ahead. As we know, Socrates chose to never write or have his ideas published. We learned of his outlook and ideas through the writingRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1976 Words   |  8 Pagesduring times of war and turmoil, both Socrates and Machiavelli use philosophy to evaluate people and politics. After seeing corruption, fragmentation and death, both philosophers developed different views. Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince includes strong stances on morality and religion. Socrates would be likely to agree on the general ideas that Machiavelli believes a Prince should have but he would differ mainly in how they should be executed. I believe that Socrates would agree with Machiavelli thatRead More Plato’s Influence on Western Civilization Essay3085 Words   |  13 Pagesto socialization developed an ideal image of our current day country, long before our country existed. In ancient Greece, a great philosopher named Plato founded one of the most famous schools in all of h istory. Plato was a student of an enlightened man and a teacher of many others. Plato’s contribution to our existing government is given little credit, yet thanks to him we function as one of the most sophisticated societies in the entire history and the world. Plato, whose real name was AristoclesRead MoreBroken Family3761 Words   |  16 PagesSocrates Philosopher Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, Wikipedia â€Å"Personal background† Born: 469 BC, Athens, Greece Died:399 BC, Athens, Greece Full name: Socrates Nationality: Greek Era: Ancient philosophy Region: Western philosophy School: Classical Greek Main interests: Epistemology, ethics Notable idea: SocraticMethod,Read MorePolitical Philosophy and Plato Essay9254 Words   |  38 Pages SOCRATES Socrates 469 BC–399 BC, was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Many would claim that Platos dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity. Through his portrayalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesevery morning. Group #3: William Chen, 31-year-old male of Chinese descent, married (Harriet), two young children from his first marriage. Enjoys tennis and is quite good at it. A rising star in the company, he is highly respected by his peers as a â€Å"man of action† and a good friend. Group #4: Leo Jones, 36-year-old white male, married (Janet) with an infant daughter. Recently returned from paternity leave. Has traveled extensively on projects, since he INTRODUCTION 33 speaks three languages

Amygdalas Location and Function

The amygdala is an almond-shaped mass of nuclei (mass of cells) located deep within the temporal lobes of the brain. There are two amygdalae, one situated in each brain hemisphere. The amygdala is a limbic system structure that is involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. It is involved in the processing of emotions such as fear, anger, and pleasure. The amygdala is also responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. It is thought that this determination is based on how huge an emotional response an event evokes. Amygdala and Fear The amygdala is involved in autonomic responses associated with fear and hormonal secretions. Scientific studies of the amygdala have led to the discovery of the location of neurons in the amygdala that are responsible for fear conditioning. Fear conditioning is an associative learning process by which we learn through repeated experiences to fear something. Our experiences can cause brain circuits to change and form new memories. For example, when we hear an unpleasant sound, the amygdala heightens our perception of the sound. This heightened perception is deemed distressing and memories are formed associating the sound with unpleasantness. If the noise startles us, we have an automatic flight or fight response. This response involves the activation of the sympathetic division of the peripheral nervous system. Activation of the nerves of the sympathetic division results in accelerated heart rate, dilated pupils, increase in metabolic rate, and increase in blood flow to the muscles. This activity is coordinated by the amygdala and allows us to respond appropriately to danger. Anatomy The amygdala is composed of a large cluster of around 13 nuclei. These nuclei are subdivided into smaller complexes. The basolateral complex is the largest of these subdivisions and is composed of the lateral nucleus, basolateral nucleus, and accessory basal nucleus. This nuclei complex has connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. Information from the olfactory system is received by two separate groups of amygdaloid nuclei, the cortical nuclei, and medial nucleus. Nuclei of the amygdala also make connections with the  hypothalamus and brainstem. The hypothalamus is involved in emotional responses and helps to regulate the endocrine system. The brainstem relays information between the cerebrum and spinal cord. Connections to these areas of the brain allow amygdaloid nuclei to process information from sensory areas (cortex and thalamus) and areas associated with behavior and autonomic function (hypothalamus and brainstem). Function The amygdala is involved in several functions of the body including: ArousalAutonomic responses associated with fearEmotional responsesHormonal secretionsMemory Sensory Information The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and from the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is also a limbic system structure and it connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement. The cerebral cortex processes sensory information obtained from vision, hearing, and other senses and is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and planning. Location Directionally, the amygdala is located deep within the temporal lobes, medial to the hypothalamus and adjacent to the hippocampus. Amygdala Disorders Hyperactivity of the amygdala or having one amygdala that is smaller than the other has been associated with fear and anxiety disorders. Fear is an emotional and physical response to danger. Anxiety is a psychological response to something that is perceived as dangerous. Anxiety can lead to panic attacks that occur when the amygdala sends signals that a person is in danger, even when there is no real threat. Anxiety disorders that are associated with the amygdala include Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and social anxiety disorder. Sources Sah, P., Faber, E., Lopez De Armentia, L., Power, J. (2003). The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiological Reviews, 83(3), 803-834. doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003

The Great Depression The Tragic Time Period - 1537 Words

The Great Depression is the tragic time period from 1929 to the 1930s in the United States of America. During this time, many hopeless Americans were experiencing problems such as homelessness, starvation, impoverishment, and more. All this suffering was caused by several things, like when the Stock Market crashed in 1929, also known as â€Å"Black Tuesday.† The stock market crash caused people who would buy on margin to be in debt. People who would even speculate the market caused higher stock prices, inflating the company’s actual worth. This eventually resulted in the stock market crashing, causing a lot of panic and quick sales as people would lose their profit. Another long-term cause is when the banks were starting to fail. Approximately 11,000 out of 25,000 banks failed in the U.S. during this time because businesses and farmers would ask for loans and withdraw more money than they could ever pay back. The failure of the Stock Market and banks meant that people and businesses lost money, couldn’t get more loans from the banks, and were facing serious economic problems. With the promise of ending the poverty, Herbert Hoover beat Al Smith in the presidential election of 1928. Hoover believed in three things as president- voluntary cooperation (the idea that the government can help reach a compromise for people and businesses, but can’t force anything), rugged individualism (the mindset that people should succeed through their own efforts and no government handouts), andShow MoreRelatedFinancial Events Of The Great Depression Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesPiecing together the events of the Great Depression is like putting together a jigsaw puzzle. As Ben S. Bernanke expressed, The Depression was an incredibly dramatic episode-an era of stock market crashes, bread lines, bank runs, and wild currency speculation, with the storm clouds of war gathering ominously in the background all the while. Fascinating, and often tragic, characters abound during this period, from hapless policymakers trying to make sense of events for which their experienceRead MoreCinderella Man Analysis1474 Words   |  6 Pagesaren’t born, they are made. Heroes are not the people who always win and get their way in life, but rather they fight back from their substantial failures and losses. James Braddock was an inspirational hero that citizens suffering through the Great Depression looked up to for motivation and hope in the film, Cinderella Man. He inspired Americans to strive forward and not give up as they witnessed him overcome many hardships that related to their own personal struggles. The United States began transitioningRead MoreThe Great Depression And Its Effects On The World Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression happened during the late 1920’s and continued until the early 1940’s. The origin of the depression was in the United States as the stock market crashed in 1929 wiping affecting millions of investors. The US economy was connected with the global economy, this economic crisis affected the whole world with high unemployment and low production. Industrial production declined dramatically, causing distribution systems to struggle as â€Å"transportation, wholesaling, manufacturing, andRead More Documenting The Depression Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages Documenting the Depression: The FSA photographers and Rural Poverty nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Great Depression fell hard in the year of 1935 bringing what seemed to some people the end of the world. But in truth, the Great Depression was nothing near the end of the world, in fact the year of 1935 was not the first year nor was it the last year that many families had suffered and went hungry due to lack of work. Families forced to leave their home. Children going in hunger while their belliesRead MoreAnalysis Of Brother Can You Spare A Dime1062 Words   |  5 PagesNone of us could completely understand or experience the hardships and miseries experienced by the people during the Great Depression. However, E.Y. (Yip) Harburg – the â€Å"Legendary Lyricist† of the 1930s – gives us a large picture of it in his song â€Å"Brother Can You Spare a Dime† (Chochran 284). Harburg is a famous lyricist of several genres ranging from escapism to comedy and romanticism. In every lyric he writes, he â€Å"consistently [views it] as a means for expressing h is opinions against war andRead MoreThe Most Important Event That Caused The Great Depression Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States (U.S) experienced its worst depression for roughly 10 years after a tragic Tuesday in 1929. The roaring 20’s was abruptly halted as millions of people across the country lost everything they owned in just a single short day. Black Tuesday, as this day is referred to in history, was the day that triggered the Great Depression and caused one of the worst economic collapses ever seen (Lecture Notes, March 30, 2016). Tuesday October 29, 1929 will be a day etched in people’s mindsRead MoreCultural And Social Aspects Of The Great Depression1073 Words   |  5 Pagesmistakes made in the past. This iconic period in American history, known as the Great Depression, truly did change the cultural and social aspects of the United States. In the Great Depression, pop culture provided an outlet for the millions of deprived unemployed Americ ans. Men commonly fled their homes and families out of shame of their inability to find work, leaving it up to their wives to find jobs and take care of the children. The Great Depression was a hard time for many Americans, but influencedRead MoreThe Challenges Of The Great Depression1738 Words   |  7 PagesGrace Wortmann Ms. Meier English II 24 February 2017 The Challenges of the Great Depression In other periods of depression, it has always been possible to see some things which were solid and upon which you could base hope, but as I look about, I now see nothing to give ground to hope-nothing of man stated Former President Calvin Coolidge during the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected almost everyone in the United States. People had to learn to live on less, and still enjoy lifeRead MoreThe Economy and Life During the 1920s635 Words   |  3 PagesThe 1920s was known for its prosperous and flamboyant lifestyle. The GDP during that time had risen by 30 percent and unemployment was as at an all-time low of 3 percent. This was not meant to last forever. In fact, it was nearly impossible for this to last any longer than it did due to an imbalance that society was unaware of including that not every citizen was experiencing this uncommon wealth. There were still 3 percent unemployed and even some of the employed members of society did not makeRead MoreGregor Samsa E ssay1280 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka writes Gregor Samsa in his novel The Metamorphosis to portray specific details of his childhood life. In the early 1900’s the Great Depression occurred which changed the romantic time period into the modernism that focused on grotesque imagery. The Great Depression caused people to appreciate their beautiful world, before it turned into the dark and gloomy atmosphere it was for ten years. Kafka and Gregor’s lives share the similarity that both of their fathers were aggressive, alienating